The domain of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit testing has experienced advancements in methodologies for fault detection, which are crucial for addressing the complexities of modern applications. Traditional testing techniques frequently fall short in achieving precise fault localization, highlighting the necessity for the development of enhanced methodologies. This paper endeavors to investigate the implementation of an optimized test generation algorithm aimed at improving testing efficiency and increasing fault coverage. In this study, we utilized a (PSO)-enhanced fan (fan-out-oriented algorithm) applied to ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. The optimization process involved refining the decision trees utilized in the fan algorithm through a rigorously defined cost function, which strikes a balance between accuracy, complexity, and operational efficiency. The results indicate improvement in both fault coverage and detection efficiency. Furthermore, the optimization process resulted in a reduction of required test vectors, thereby enhancing testing efficiency, particularly in high-volume production environments. The study also introduces the development of diagnostic metrics that provide deeper insights into circuit failures and proposes design-for-testability techniques to improve reliability. The integration of PSO within the fan algorithm not only facilitates the generation of robust test solutions but also produces high-quality test vectors.

Since the car is working in different climatic conditions, any Changes in temperature of the climatic conditions can affect various parts of the car. So it is necessary to optimize the energy consumption & keep the passengers in a suit & comfort state considering this kind of changes. The automotive air conditioning system is one of the largest ancillary loads in the passenger cars, with considerable effects on the vehicle fuel consumption. While most of the studies have represented linearized equations & simplified steady state matrixes, In the simulations of this paper, Nonlinear dynamic equations with using a model predictive controller and advanced control theory is designed for automotive air conditioning system. At the same time, a genetic algorithm technic which is a method of generation evaluation, is finding out the best answer in the whole problem space using a fitness function to select optimized inputs for sending to the plant. Also in this system a compressor capacity & fan flow rate has considered as two inputs to achieve the main objectives like minimizing the steady state error, system fast response, reduction of noise effects, minimizing of energy consumption and comforter of passengers.

Dear Editor, India has accomplished an astonishing rate of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) vaccination. Clever application of the prevailing immunisation infrastructure and logistics has facilitated in augmenting the reach of the vaccination program. Regardless, India is beholding an austere wave of the pandemic with a precipitous rise in number of cases. India ranks second in global covid tally with more than 31 million COVID-19 cases, ensuing a massive pressure on its existing healthcare infrastructure and medical workforce (1). . .

The novel Coronavirus COVID-19 is wrecking a havoc across the globe and has been declared as a pandemic by WHO. Apart from transmission and shedding of the virus through respiratory secretions in the form of droplets (mainly), several studies have shown the presence of the virus in various samples such as stool, urine and occasionally in blood, semen, tears and breastmilk. Whereas government authority guidelines consider a person as cured from COVID-19 when along with clinical improvement no more virus can be detected primarily on respiratory samples along with clinical improvement; the persistence of the virus in these body fluids even after clinical recovery and negative RT-PCR test results on respiratory samples, has raised many questions about the elusive nature of this novel virus along with the possibility of other routes of transmission of this virus in the community. Although studies performed till now across the globe on persistence of SARSCOV-2 in various body fluids are sparse, in this review we would like to present and analyse the results of those studies performed globally on the aforesaid topic to get a better insight of this side of the COVID-19 story.

This paper focuses on the contribution of digital government (DGOV) to Whistleblowing (WB). While considerable efforts have been devoted to DGOV and WB separately, research work at the intersection of these two domains is very scarce; hence and a systematic DGOV for WB (DGOV4WB) research framework has yet to emerge. This paper aims to identify the potential issues in whistleblowing and explore how digital government has been used to address these issues. To this end, this paper uses explanatory case study research methodology and analyses four case studies of existing DGOV initiatives with explicit WB dimensions. The result of the cross-case analysis shows that DGOV4WB initiatives contribute to address goals of the different dimensions of whistleblowing. The most common WB problems addressed are: easily accessible reporting and response whistleblowing channels (Whistleblowing Procedure), easy and timely communication channel with top management (Whistleblowing Organizational culture), and anonymous and confidential communication platforms (WhistleBlower Protection). In addition, based on the analysis of the case studies, all the initiatives are classified as either engagement or contextualization stage of the digital government evolution model.

The Research has shown that the primary sound source in centrifugal turbomachines is the blade passing frequency noise, which is caused by due to impac rotor exit flow with the volute and the wild pressure fluctuations. In this paper, a centrifugal Blower with forward facing blades has been selected and the sound created by it in the output channel has been investigated in different operating conditions. Also, to study the relationship between the pressure fluctuations on the volute and the radiated sound, the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations in different volutes areas (from the cutt-off to the near-outlet channel) has been investigated. The results show remarkable noise at the blade passing frequency in all fan state modes. It also increases by increasing the fan outlet flow. The pressure fluctuations on the volute are also evidence of pressure in the blade passing frequency. The intensity of this pressure is reduced far from the volute tongue, which means that the flow of jet in those areas is lower. Also, at 300 degrees from the cut-off, a strong pressure fluctuation was observed that is the second primary source of the tonal sound (other than the cut-off).

Introduction: The use of carbon dioxide Blower has been recognized as the standard of care in patients undergoing beating coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to higher solubility and lower risk of embolization. On the other hand, the compressed air Blower has gone out of use since air can be easily trapped and is less soluble which can cause coronary embolism. The present study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing on-pump beating CABG using CO2, as opposed to an air Blower. Materials and Methods: A total number of 125 patients requiring coronary revascularization underwent on-pump beating CABG within February 2017-February 2018. In the current cross sectional study, 45 patients underwent CABG with CO2 Blower and other patients were operated using air Blower. The reported postoperative outcomes included mortality, low cardiac output state, malignant arrhythmia, postoperative myocardial infarction, blood transfusion, transient ischemic attack or stroke, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), as well as intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. Results: Demographic characteristics of patients in two groups in terms of age, sex, risk factors, echocardiographic and angiography data were similar and demonstrated no significant difference. Patients' outcomes, such as cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, ICU and hospital stays, were also similar in both groups. In addition, the overall morbidity and hospital mortality showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Although the use of CO2 during beating CABG has been advocated with its theoretical advantages, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mortality and morbidity using CO2, as opposed to air Blower.

The vertical wind tunnel, which has been designed for sky-diving operations, consists of an octagonal to square diffuser. The diffuser configuration indicates that the wall angles in the diffuser are not symmetrical: the smaller and larger angles being 3.43 and 10.66 degrees, respectively. Estimation of pressure drop and study of flow separation in the diffuser is of great importance for the design of the vertical wind tunnel. In this research work, a 7.8 % model of the original diffuser has been constructed, and airflow, in both Blower and suction modes, has been studied in the diffuser using electronic pressure gauges. Pressure drop in the test diffuser has been measured and compared with pressure drop in a circular to square diffuser, which is installed in the vicinity of the test diffuser. To estimate the pressure drop in the test diffuser, the larger diffuser angle from the above, namely 10.66 degrees should be used in the semi-empirical equations, and use of the equivalent diffuser angle is not recommended. In addition, study of the pressure recovery coefficient showed no significant flow separation in the tested diffuser.